Hamwe no gukundwa kw'ibisigazwa mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa, ibintu byinshi kandi byinshi bya karburizasi bikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma.Nyamara, inshuti nyinshi za casting ntabwo zumva ikoreshwa ryibintu bitandukanye bya karburizasi mubyuma bitandukanye.Ishingiye ku burambe bwimyaka irenga 10 mubuyobozi bwa mbere bwo gusaba abakiriya baterankunga, ishami ryikoranabuhanga rya Yunai yavuze muri make ibintu bigira ingaruka ku gipimo cyo kwinjiza karburizeri yo guta inshuti.

I. Ibigize ibyuma byamazi

Ingingo yo gushonga ya karubone muri carburizer ni ndende cyane (3 727 ℃), ishonga cyane mubyuma byamazi binyuze muburyo bubiri bwo gusesa no gukwirakwizwa.Ubushobozi bwa karubone mucyuma cyamazi ni: Cmax = 1.3 + 0.25T-0.3Si-0.33P-0.45S + 0.028Mn, aho T ni ubushyuhe bwicyuma cyamazi (℃).

1. Ibigize ibyuma byamazi.Birashobora kugaragara duhereye kuburinganire bwavuzwe haruguru ko Si, S na P bigabanya ubukana bwa C nigipimo cyo kwinjiza carburizer, mugihe Mn we ibinyuranye.Amakuru yerekanaga ko igipimo cyo kwinjiza karburant cyagabanutseho amanota 1 ~ 2 na 3 ~ 4 ku ijana kuri buri 0.1% byiyongera kuri C na Si mubyuma byamazi.Igipimo cyo kwinjiza gishobora kwiyongeraho 2% ~ 3% kuri buri 1% Mn kwiyongera.Si ifite uruhare runini, ikurikirwa na Mn, C na S. Kubwibyo, mubikorwa nyabyo, C igomba kongerwaho mbere na Si igomba kongerwaho nyuma.

2. Ubushyuhe bwicyuma.Ubushyuhe buringaniye bwa fer yamazi (C-Si-O) igira uruhare runini ku gipimo cyo kwinjiza.Iyo ubushyuhe bwicyuma cyamazi burenze ubushyuhe buringaniye, C ikorana na O cyane, kandi gutakaza C mubyuma byamazi byiyongera, kandi igipimo cyo kugabanuka kigabanuka.Iyo ubushyuhe bwicyuma bwamazi buri munsi yubushyuhe buringaniye, ubwuzure bwa C buragabanuka, ikwirakwizwa rya C rigabanuka, kandi igipimo cyo kugabanuka kigabanuka.Iyo ubushyuhe bwicyuma bwamazi bingana nubushyuhe buringaniye, igipimo cyo kwinjiza nicyo kinini.Ubushyuhe buringaniye bwicyuma cyamazi (C-Si-O) buratandukanye nibitandukaniro rya C na Si.Mu musaruro nyirizina, karburant yikimenyetso cya Yu Na ahanini irashonga kandi ikwirakwizwa mucyuma cyamazi munsi yubushyuhe buringaniye (1 150 ~ 1 370 ℃).

3. Kuvanga ibyuma byamazi bifasha gusesa no gukwirakwizwa kwa C, kandi bigabanya amahirwe yo gutwika ibintu bya karburizasi ireremba hejuru yicyuma.Mbere yuko carburizing agent isenyuka burundu, igihe kinini cyo gukurura, niko umuvuduko wo kwinjirira, ariko gukurura bigira ingaruka zikomeye mubuzima bwumurongo, ariko kandi bikongera igihombo cya C mubyuma byamazi.Igihe gikwiye cyo gukurura kigomba kuba kigufi gishoboka nyuma yo kwemeza ko carburizer yashonze burundu.

4. Gukuraho ibishishwa niba ari ngombwa kongeramo carburizing agent nyuma yo kuyungurura ibyuma, isanura ry itanura rigomba gusukurwa uko bishoboka kwose kugirango hirindwe ko carburizing itwikiriye.

Babiri, umukozi wa carburizing

1. Igishushanyo mbonera cya microstructure ya Yunai marike carburizer.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko imiterere ya karubone ari amorphous kandi idahwitse hejuru ya amorphous na grafite.Mubihe bisanzwe, iyo ubushyuhe bugeze kuri 2500 ℃ kandi bugakomeza igihe runaka, burashobora kurangiza gushushanya.Carbone ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa mugihe cyo gushyushya kabiri, ntabwo ari ibuye

Urwego rwa grafitike ya karubone ihinduka muri karubone ya grafitike yitwa urwego rwa carbone grafitisiyonike, nayo ikaba ari kimwe mubintu bipimisha mikorobe isesengura.Ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cya grafitike, birashobora kugaragara ko imiterere ya grafite ni indege ya layer igizwe nurusobe rw'indege ya karubone ya karubone, kandi ibice bigahuzwa hamwe nimbaraga za van der Waals, bityo bigakora imiterere ya kirisiti ya kirisiti yaguka kugeza igihe kitazwi mu byerekezo bitatu.Itandukaniro rya X-ray rikoreshwa mugupima igipimo cyimiterere ya kristu ya mpandeshatu isanzwe nyuma yo gushushanya kugirango igerageze urwego rwo gushushanya.

Impamyabumenyi ya Graphitisation ni indangagaciro yingenzi ya carburizing agent.Urwego rwo hejuru rwo gushushanya ntirushobora kongera umuvuduko wo kwinjiza karubone gusa, ahubwo rushobora no kunoza ubushobozi bwa nucleation yicyuma cyamazi bitewe ningaruka za homoheteron nuclear imikorere yacyo hamwe na grafite ya grafite.Itandukaniro rinini hagati yimikorere ya carburizing agent hamwe na carburizing agent idashushanyije ni uko ibishushanyo mbonera bya carburizing bifite ingaruka za carburizing ningaruka zimwe na zimwe zo gutera.

2. Dukurikije imiterere yubukanishi nibiranga ibicuruzwa bitandukanye, dutanga umwihariko wa karburizingi yubwoko bwose bwa casting mugucunga karubone nibintu bitandukanye byerekana ibimenyetso.

Carbone ihamye hamwe na karubone ihamye ni ibintu byingenzi bigize carburizing agent, hejuru nibyiza;Ivu nicyuma cyangwa icyuma kitari icyuma, ni umwanda, bigomba kuba bike bishoboka.Ingano ya karubone ihamye hamwe nivu muri agent ya carburizing nibintu bibiri byingenzi byibi kandi ko, ibintu byinshi bya karubone ihamye muri carburizing agent, imikorere ya carburizing nayo iri hejuru.Carburizer ifite ivu ryinshi biroroshye "kokiya" no gukora igipande cya slag, gitandukanya uduce twa karubone kandi ntigishobora gushonga, bityo bikagabanya umuvuduko wo kwinjiza karubone.Ibivu byinshi birimo kandi bitera ubwinshi bwicyuma cyamazi, byongera ingufu, kandi byongera akazi murwego rwo gushonga.Igenzura ryibintu nka sulfure na azote nabyo bigenzura cyane igipimo cyo guta inenge.

3. Guhitamo granularitike ya carburizing agent.

Ingano yubunini bwa carburizer ni nto kandi ubuso bwahantu harebana ibyuma byamazi ni binini, igipimo cyo kwinjiza kizaba kinini, ariko ibice byiza byoroshye kuba okiside, ariko kandi byoroshye kujyanwa numwuka wa convection cyangwa umukungugu. gutemba;Ingano ntarengwa igomba gushonga byuzuye mubyuma byamazi mugihe cyo gukora.Niba carburizing agent yongeweho hamwe nubunini, ingano yingingo irashobora kuba nini, birasabwa kuba muri 0.2 ~ 9.5mm;Niba byongewemo mubyuma byamazi cyangwa mbere yo gushushanya ibyuma nkuguhindura neza, ingano yingingo irashobora kuba 0,60 ~ 4.75mm;Niba karburizingi muri paki hanyuma igakoreshwa nko kwitegura, ingano ya 0,20 ~ 0,85mm;Ibice bitarenze 0.2mm ntibigomba gukoreshwa.Ingano yingirakamaro nayo ifitanye isano na diameter yitanura, diameter yitanura nini, ingano ya carburizer igomba kuba nini, naho ubundi.

4. Igenzura super pass yerekana Yunai marike karburizer.

Yu Nai marb carburant ifite pass ikomeye cyane, ubuso bwihariye bwagace ka karubone nini, hariho ubuso bunini bwinjira mubyuma byamazi, kwihuta gushonga no gukwirakwira, birashobora kunoza igipimo cyo kwinjiza karburant.