Urushinge rwa kokiya ni ifeza-yijimye yijimye ifite icyerekezo cyiza cya fibre igaragara, kandi ifite ibiranga kristu yo hejuru, imbaraga nyinshi, gushushanya cyane, kwaguka kwinshi, kugabanuka kwinshi, n'ibindi. ibikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo gukora electrode ya grafite, ibikoresho bya anode ya batiri nibicuruzwa byo mu rwego rwo hejuru.

Ukurikije ibikoresho bitandukanye bibyara umusaruro ukoreshwa, kokiya y'urushinge irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: bushingiye kuri peteroli hamwe n’amakara: kokiya y'urushinge ikomoka mu bicuruzwa bitunganya peteroli yitwa kokiya ishingiye ku mavuta, hamwe n’igice cy’amakara hamwe n’ibice byayo ikomoka ku mavuta yitwa amakara ashingiye ku makara.Umusaruro wa kokiya y'urushinge hamwe n'ibikomoka kuri peteroli ufite ibyiza byo kurengera ibidukikije, kandi kubishyira mu bikorwa ntibigoye kandi igiciro cy'umusaruro ni gito, bityo abantu bakaba baritayeho cyane.

Kokiya y'urushinge rushingiye ku mavuta irashobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bubiri: kokiya mbisi na kokiya yatetse (kokiya ibarwa).Muri byo, kokiya mbisi ikoreshwa mu gukora ibikoresho bitandukanye bya electrode itari nziza, naho kokiya yatetse ikoreshwa mu gukora amashanyarazi akomeye ya grafite.Mu myaka yashize, hamwe n’ibidukikije bikomeje kurengera ibidukikije, iterambere ryihuse ry’imodoka nshya z’ingufu zatumye hakenerwa cyane ibikoresho bya anode ya batiri;icyarimwe, abahinduye igihe cyamasosiyete yicyuma basimbuwe nitanura ryamashanyarazi.Ingaruka zibiri, isoko ryisoko rya kokiya inshinge ryiyongereye cyane.Kugeza ubu, umusaruro w’urushinge rwa kokiya ukomoka kuri peteroli ku isi wiganjemo amasosiyete yo muri Amerika, kandi amasosiyete make gusa nka Jinzhou Petrochemical, Jingyang Petrochemical na Yida Materials yageze ku musaruro uhamye mu gihugu cyanjye.Urushinge rwohejuru rwohejuru rwibicuruzwa byibanze cyane cyane kubitumizwa hanze.Ntabwo amafaranga menshi yapfushije ubusa gusa, ariko kandi arimo byoroshye.Ni ingirakamaro cyane mu kwihutisha ubushakashatsi ku musaruro w’urushinge rwa kokiya no kumenya ko umusaruro uva vuba bishoboka.

Ibikoresho bibisi nicyo kintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumiterere ya kokiya y'urushinge.Ibikoresho bibisi birashobora kugabanya cyane ingorane zo gukora mesofase ikuraho no gukuraho ibintu bitajegajega.Ibikoresho fatizo byo kubyara kokiya inshinge bigomba kugira ibintu bikurikira:

①Ibiri muri aromatics ni byinshi, cyane cyane ibiri muri 3 na 4-impeta ngufi zuruhande rwuruhererekane rwumurongo muburyo bwiza ni 40% kugeza 50%.Muri ubu buryo, mugihe cya karubone, molekile ya aromatique yegeranye hamwe kugirango ibe molekile nini ya planar aromatics, kandi inyuze muri niniπ Ibicu bya elegitoronike bihujwe hejuru yabyo kugirango bibe byuzuye byuzuye bisa nkibishushanyo mbonera

②Asfaltenes na colloide bibaho mumiterere ya molekuline ya fonction-ring nini ya hydrocarbone ya aromatic ifite ibintu bike.Ibi bintu bifite polarike ikomeye kandi ikora cyane., Mubisanzwe birasabwa ko ibintu bya heptane bitangirika bitarenze 2%.

③Amazi ya sulferi ntabwo arenga 0,6%, kandi azote ntirenza 1%.Amazi ya sufuru na azote biroroshye guhunga kubera ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe cyo gukora electrode kandi bigatera kubyimba gaze, bizatera gucika muri electrode.

④Ibivu biri munsi ya 0,05%, kandi nta mwanda wubukanishi nka porojeri ya catalizator, bizatera reaction kugenda vuba cyane mugihe cya karubone, byongera ingorane zo gukora mezofase, kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere ya kokiya.

⑤Ibiri mu byuma biremereye nka vanadium na nikel ntibiri munsi ya 100ppm, kubera ko ibivanze bigizwe n’ibi byuma bigira ingaruka za catalitiki, bizihutisha nucleation ya sisitemu ya mesofase, kandi biragoye ko urwego rukura bihagije.Muri icyo gihe, kuba ibyo byuma byanduye mubicuruzwa nabyo bizatera icyuho, Ibibazo nkibisekuru biganisha kugabanuka kwimbaraga zibicuruzwa.

⑥Quinoline idashobora gukemuka (QI) ni zeru, QI izomekwa kuri mesofase, ibuza gukura no guhuza kristu ya sisitemu, kandi imiterere ya kokiya y'urushinge ifite imiterere myiza ya fibre ntishobora kuboneka nyuma yo kunywa.

⑦Ubucucike burenze 1.0g / cm3 kugirango habeho umusaruro uhagije wa kokiya.

Mubyukuri, amavuta yo kugaburira yujuje ibisabwa haruguru ni gake.Urebye ibice, catalitike yamenagura amavuta arimo ibintu byinshi bihumura neza, amavuta yakuwe muri furfural, hamwe na tarile ya Ethylene nibikoresho byiza byokubyara urushinge.Amavuta ya catalitiki yamenetse ni kimwe mu bicuruzwa biva mu gice cya catalitiki, kandi ubusanzwe byoherezwa nk'amavuta ya peteroli ahendutse.Bitewe nubwinshi bwibintu bya aromati muri yo, ni ibikoresho byiza byo mu rwego rwo hejuru byo gukora kokiya y'urushinge mubijyanye nibigize.Mubyukuri, kwisi yose Umubare munini wibicuruzwa bya kokiya byateguwe bivuye muri catalitike yamenagura amavuta.